As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more embedded in everyday life, its environmental footprint must be acknowledged; data centres require substantial energy, water, and physical infrastructure to operate. If left unchecked, the expansion of these systems risks placing additional strain on ecosystems and communities.

But sustainable development invites a more constructive question: what if AI could grow alongside sustainability rather than at its expense? Across Southeast Asia, there are already examples of AI supporting more sustainable development outcomes. The issue is not whether AI should be used, but how it is governed, powered, and applied.

In the maritime domain, this balance is beginning to take shape. Monitoring vast ocean spaces has long exceeded the capacity of human-led systems alone. Tools such as the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) generate immense volumes of data that are essential for ocean governance, yet difficult to analyse at scale. AI helps turn these data streams into usable insight by identifying patterns and anomalies in vessel behaviour.

This is particularly relevant in efforts to address illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. IUUF undermines food security, coastal livelihoods, and trust in marine governance. AI-supported analysis can help identify vessels that frequently disable tracking systems, operate in restricted areas, or follow routes associated with illicit activity. These tools do not replace enforcement or local knowledge, but they do help focus limited resources where they are most needed.

As of 2026, AI is not environmentally neutral. However, when developed responsibly, powered sustainably, and applied with clear public-interest goals, it can support stronger stewardship of both green initiatives and the blue economy. Sustainable development provides the framework to ensure that technological progress and environmental protection advance together, rather than in opposition.